[EdZ]

Martee - perhaps another way to visualize what is happening is to think of the triangle that is formed by 1) the ground 2) the shaft 3) a line that traces the underside of the arms at address.

as viewed from down the line.

'THE' plane is actually the line, the side of the triangle, that traces the underside of the arms. When you swing your 'hands', the pressure points, they move up and down that line (see 10-13-D).

If you have zero #3 accumulator, the clubshaft very nearly does stay on that plane.

However if you have some #3 accumulator, the clubshaft must be 'thrown out' from that plane.

Hence Ted's statement, the clubshaft MUST leave the plane. That throw 'out' is due to the pivot.

So when tracing, it can be quite useful to trace your hands along what is basically your toe line.

The "pipeline".

Annika does this quite well.

I hope this helps.